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Showing posts from October, 2020

Cultural Studies

 Arising from the social turmoil of the 1960s, cultural studies is an academic discipline which combines political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, art, history, criticism etc; to study cultural phenomenon in various societies. Cultural Studies researches often focus on how a particular phenomenon relates matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class and gender. Discussion on Cultural Studies have gained currency with the publication of Richard Hoggart's 'Use of Literacy' and Raymond Williams 'Culture and Society'. Since culture is now considered as the source of art and literature, cultural criticism has gained ground, and therefore Raymond William's term " cultural materialism ", Stephen Greenblatt's " cultural poetics " and Bakhtin's term " cultural prosaic" , have been significant in the field of Cultural Studies

Consumerism

Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. With the industrial revolution, but particularly in the 20th century, mass production led to an economic crises: there was overproduction - the supply of goods grow beyond the consumer demand, and so manufacturers turned to planned obsolescence and advertising to manipulate consumer spending. In 1899, a book on consumerism published by Thorstein Veblen , called The Theory of the Leisure Class,  examined the widespread values and economic institutions emerging along with the widespread "leisure time" in the beginning of the 20th century. In it Veblen, "views the activities and spending habits of the leisure class in terms of conspicuous and vicarious consumption and waste. Both are related to the display of status and not to functionality or usefulness." In economics, consumerism may refer to economic policies which emphasize consumption. In an