My thoughts!

          Introduction Testing English language in Indian classrooms is challenging, yet rewarding career choice. As an English as a Second Language (ESL) teacher must learn to constantly adapt their student's needs. Many times, this means dealing with a variety of challenges and issues in the classroom, many of which are all too common occurrences. Some of challenges and issues in English language testing in Indian classrooms are given below.   Challenges in English language testing Some of the challenges in English language testing in Indian classrooms are as follows:      1. Over-crowded classes Teachers of English experience a lot of problems in handling such a big class. 60 to 70 students are regarded as the normal class size and in certain cases the class size is 100 - 120 students especially in degree colleges. It is difficult to pay due attention to individual students.     2. Over dependence on tea...

          Introduction Edmund Wilson's "Marxism and Literature" published in 1938, is his study of the origins of socialism. It celebrates Marxism's ability to throw a great deal of light on the origin and social significance of works of art, but attacks the belief then advocated by that good literature can be made from ideological formulas. While Wilson wrote extensively on the relationship between political ideologies such as Marxism and Literature, he opposed any pre formulated critical frameworks, or what he called "a process of locking and distortion to make [the work] fit the procrustes bed of a thesis".       Edmund Wilson and Literature Edmund Wilson's "Marxism and Literature" is the ninth essay in his collection entitled ' The Triple Thinkers ' comprising twelve essays in literary subjects. In this essay, the author studies the place of art and literature in the system in Didactical Materialism of Marx. The auth...

           Introduction A test is an assessment intended to measure a test-takers knowledge, skill, attitude, physical fitness, or classification in many other topics. A good test generally defined as one that is reliable, valid, practical, socially sensitive and candidate friendly.      Characteristics of good test The following points highlight the main characters of a good test. The characteristics are:  1. Validity 2. Reliability 3. Objectivity 4. Norms     1. Validity The first important characteristic of a good test is validity. The test must really measure what it has been designed to measure. Validity is of an assessed by exploring how the test scores correspond to some criteria, that is same behaviour, personal accomplishment or characteristic that reflects the attribute that the test designed to gauge.  Assessing the validity of any test requires careful selection of appropriate crit...

             Introduction The needs of assessing the outcome of learning have led to the development and elaboration of different test formats. Testing language has traditionally taken the form of testing knowledge about language, usually the testing of knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. Stern notes that 'if the ultimate objective of language teaching is effective language learning, then our main concern must be the learning outcome.' All language tests are not of the same kind. They differ mainly in terms of design and purpose. In terms of method, a broad distinction can be made between pen- and -paper language test and performance test. The different types of test are as follows: -     1. Oral Tests Oral tests are used to test the overall conversational fluency or pronunciation of a particular subset of phonology and can take the form of imitation, structure responses or free responses. Oral tests can cover the range of lang...

Michael West has greatly contributed to English language teaching in India in the beginning of 20th century. When he was appointed as a colonial educated in Bengal for 20 years,he made the huge survey on the problems of Indian learners. He developed many original insights inter problems of teaching English in different circumstances. Through the survey he came across with the true problems of English language learner. Hence, he decided to form some remedies in order to solve the problems and improve the standard of English language learner in India. He focused on very basic problem of learners that is lack of proper reading. He says that     " Indian boys need most all to be able to read English rather than to write it and lastly to speak it and understand it when spoken. "     - Michael West Hence, he introduced a reading scheme known as 'New Method' readers West's new method basically refers to the guidelines about reading through the set of accurate vocab...

            Introduction Without grammar, a language wouldn't work, because people couldn't communicate effectively. The speakers and listeners of any exchange need to both function in order the same system in order to understand each other. The grammar of the language in includes basic axioms such as the existence of tenses of verbs, articles and adjectives and their proper order, how questions are phrased, and more. The word grammar comes from Greek, meaning "craft of letters", which is an apt description. In any language, grammar is a systematic study and description of language .             Meaning of Grammar Grammar may be termed as descriptive science, which describes the structure of sentences, functions of the words and their relation to one another at a particular period and of a particular group of people. However, grammar means different things to different people. To the ordinary citizen, it means co...

Accuracy and fluency are the two parts of language. For becoming an ideal person accuracy and fluency both are important important. Accuracy refers to the use of correct forms where utterances do not contain errors affecting the phonological, syntactic, symentic or discourse features of the language. It refers to the correctness of language being produced by the speaker. It is the ability to produce grammatically correct sentence. Accuracy is the clear and articulate speaking and writing. In this it is important to spelled words and /or pronounced it correctly. The language should be appropriate to the situation and/or context. Fluency is derived from the Latin word fluens which means "to flow". It may be defined as the ability to get across communicative intent without too much hesitation and too many pauses to cause barriers or breakdown in communication. It is the ability to read /speak accurately, quickly and with appropriate intonation and expression. In this the speak...