My thoughts!

 Tennyson is without doubt the greatest of the Victorian poets. He exercise a hypnotic influence on the mind and heart of his readers. He is celebrated for both - for the matter contained in his composition and for the manner of presentation. He was a man with an ecclesiastical bent of mind but he looked at religion from the practical point of view. He recommended social changes based on reality. Tennyson stepped into the library Arena at the critical juncture. He came on the scene when many famous poets had died young. Within four years from - 1821 to 1824 Keats died at the age of 23, Shelly at 30, Byron at 36 and Wordsworth (though he lived long) had stopped composing poems at 40. Light after light had gone out and the throne of english poetry was virtually  vacant when Tennyson came to occupy it. Tennyson stands in the same relation to the Victorian Era as Chaucer to the 14th century and Pope to the early 18th. He reflected in his poetry the aspiration of his age for full 3...

 Vijay Dhondopant Tendulkar, Indian playwright and screenwriter, wrote more than 30 full length Marathi language plays and numerous one act plays, short stories, and movie scripts about controversial social themes including violence, poverty, women's rights and corruption. Some of Tendulkar's most famous plays includes Shantata! Court Chalu Ahe and Sakharam Binder . Ghashiram Kotwal was recognised as one of the longest running plays in the world, with more than 6000 performances staged internationally. Tendulkar begin his career writing for newspapers and had a daily column in the Maharashtra times. It was the play Shrimanth ("Affluent"), however, that made him a household name. In addition to his plays Tendulkar wrote screenplays in both Marathi and Hindi. His script for ' Manthan ' won the National Film Award for best screenplay; for his literary accomplishments, Tendulkar received the Padma Bhushan Award,one of India's highest civilian honours. In 199...

 Badal Sircar also known as Badal Sarkar, was an influential Indian dramatist and theatre director, most known for his anti- establishment plys during the Naxalite Movement in the 1970's and taking theatre out of the proscenium and into public arena, when he transformed his own theatre company, ' Shatabdi ' as a third theatre group. He wrote more than 50 plays of which Evam Indrajit, Basi Khabar and Saari Raat are well known literary pieces. A pioneering figure in street theatre as well as in experimental and contemporary Bengali theatre with his egalitarian " Third Theatre ", he prolifically wrote scripts for his Anganmanch (Courtyard stage) performances and remains one of the most translated Indian playwrights. Though his early comedies were popular, it was his anst-ridden Evam Indrajit (And Indrajit) that become a landmark play in Indian theatre. Today his rise as a prominent playwright in 1960s is seen as the coming of the age of Modern Indian playwriting in B...

 Girish Karnad is an Indian playwright, author, actor, and film director whose films and plays, written largely in Kannada , explore the present by way of the past. He wrote his first play, the critically acclaimed Yayati , the story is centred on the mythological king, the play established Karnad's use of the themes of history and mythology that would inform his work over the following decades. Karnad's next play, Tughlaq , tells the story of the 14th century Sultan Muhammad Ibn Tughlaq and remains among the best known of his works. Samskara marked Karnad's entry into film making. He wrote the screenplay and played the lead role in the film, an adoption of an anti-caste novel of the same name by U.R. Anathamurthy. He continued to produce work as a playwright, including Hayavadana widely recognised as among the most important playa of Post Independence India. For his contribution to theater, he was awarded the Padmashree, in 1974. He worked in Hindi, directing the criti...

 Being a person with flawless language and great writing skill, it is no wonder that Aravind Adiga bagged Britain's most prestigious literary award - The Man Booker Award  for his book ' The White Tiger '. From a proven student to a journalist and then to a famous writer, success always accompanied him. He always kept his eyes and his ears opened to the world around and derived inspiration from the facts he come across in daily life.  His award winning book "The White Tiger" was a critical view on " an India of light and an India of darkness ". His latest novel "Last Man in Tower" describes the life and soul of one of India's biggest cities, Mumbai, where he discovers that the city and its people are obsessed with real estate. He derives this fact from the common man who often talks about elusive 'square feet' while journeying on suburban trains. The book gives the different picture of the city which is always described as the ...

 Mohan Rakesh one of the pioneers of the Nai Kahani literary movement of the Hindi literature in the 1950s has made significant contribution to novel, short stories, travelogue, criticism, memories and drama. He was a talented playwright and novelist. He was also the recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1968. As we go through his early works we find a gradual development in his later works. Gradually he comes closer to the fate and aspirations of mankind. He was a master storyteller and had an excellent control over the language Hindi. He mostly wrote about the urban middle class people about their hopes and aspirations.  Mohan Rakesh entered the profession of teaching to earn his livelihood. For few years he was the editor of 'Sarika'. Few of his major works are  Andhere Bandh Kamre, Antroal, Na Hone Wala Kal in the genre of novels, while few of his collection stories include Quarter tatha Anya Kahaniyaan, Pehchan thatha Anya Kahaniyaan, Waris tatha Anya Kahaniyaa...

 Kiran Desai is one of the most insightful Indian novelist who got recognition worldwide with her two superb novels ' Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard ' and 'The Inheritance of Loss'. She was daughter of famous writer Anita Desai. Her mother creates good cultural atmosphere at home which gave enormous contributions to make her a prolific writer. Kiran Desai first came to the limelight after publication of her wonderful novel 'Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard'. She took almost four years to complete this novel. Her first novel marked the beginning of her successful career and she obtained good compliment from well known writer like Salman Rushdie. For her first novel she fetched the prestigious award ' Betty Trask Award '. She got this award because it was the best new novels among the writers under the age of 35. Kiran Desai got tremendous success in the very beginning of her literary career. It caused a motivating factor for her to write more novels. In 2...

 Rohinton Mistry is an Indian born Canadian short-story writer and novelist. He has become one of the preeminent writers of the post colonialist writing movement. He sets his novels primarily in his native Bombay, combining a natural, direct style with simple description to present an honest and loving image of India. With attention to the detail of his characters' everyday lives, his book often explore the tragic circumstances of India's desperate poor even as he balances his misery by presenting the dignity and the joy they feel in simple pleasures and their extended families. Critics have praised Mistry's growth as a writer and his transparent style, commonly drawing comparisons to Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy. Mistry's first book " Tales from Firozsha Baag" , is a collection of short fiction that was published in 1987. This collection of eleven linked short stories concerns the inhabitants of an apartment compound in Bombay. His first novel, " Suc...

 All around the world, there are lot of people with strong desire to learn English with correct pronunciation. However, there are many barriers to hinder the, to speak with good English pronunciation. The learners face problem in the pronunciation of sound with which they are not familiar.  The main problem of the speaker of the other language who speaks English, is substitution of sounds i.e.; they substitute the sounds that they don't have in their native language, with other sounds which are close to them in the place of articulation. Other common problem is intonation. It refers to the paralinguistic vocal feature such as : pitch, loudness, quality, resonance and flexibility. Speakers vary these to show intent and emotion. English is a phonetic language, so it is often hard to know how to pronounce a word by its spelling. Pronunciation in English is based on sounds, not spellings. Some sounds in English don't exist in other languages. One of the common problem faced by the...

 Vikram Seth is an Indian poet, novelist, and travel writer, best known for his epic novel ' A Suitable Boy '. He has been in the field of writing for more than three decades and is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the modern era. His first book, a collection of  poems, titled 'Mappings', did not get much attention but he came into attention with his second book 'From Heaven Lake' which chronicled his journey from China to India. The novel ' The Golden Gate ' made him one of the most highly acclaimed novelists of his time and the book won him plenty of accolade from readers as well as critics. However, it was his novel ' The Suitable Boy ' that really captured him into the league of the most well-known novelists of his time and remains his most famous work. The novel is one of the most longest novels written in the English language and is regarded as a modern classic due to the range of topics that it touched upon. He published ...

 Arundhati Roy is one of the best-known representatives of the contemporary generations of Indian writers who write in English. She is also a political activist in human rights and environmental causes.  Roy's maiden novel "The God of Small Things" was greeted by unprecedented attention from critics, pundits, and the media alike. This story was a very personal account of a tragic love story cutting across the caste, religion, political divides of India, as told through the eyes of twin children. Daring in its theme and innovative in its concept and language, the novel had many detractors in India but won international acclaim and secured the author the prestigious Booker Prize for the best novel by a Commonwealth author. In the intervening years Roy had used her celebrity status in India to write instead in defence of causes she believes in, to become," a writer for the victims of Modernity ." In1999, Roy pointed her sharp pen against the Narmada Dam, under con...

 He is the father of the Pre-Raphaelite poets like Rossetti and Morris and also influenced Tennyson. Keats is one of the greatest word painters above all its other qualities. The picture follows the picture in quick succession in his poems and each picture is remarkable for its vividness and minuteness of detail. His images are concrete and stand in striking contrast with Shelley's images which are abstract and vague. The Eve of St.Agnes is literary full of pictures.                                          " A casement of high and tripple arch'd there was                                           All garland with cavern imageries                                           ...

 "Keats produced a body of poetry of extraordinary power and promise. During the three years of his poetic career, he showed a rapid and steady development and a gradual and complete abandonment of almost every fault and weakness." Keats born in London on 29th Oct 1795. Keats was the son of the livery stable keeper. He was passionately devoted to his mother. At her death, Keats was heartbroken. His father died when he was nine and his mother when he was fifteen. After her death, his guardian removed him from the school in 1810 and apprenticed him to a surgeon at Edmonton for 5 years.                               "Son of the old moon mountains African                                  Child of the Pyramid and Crocodile                               ...

 Salman Rushdie an Indian born British writer whose allegorical novels examine historical and philosophical issues by means of surreal characters, brooding humour, and an effusive and melodramatic prose style. His treatment of sensitive religious, and political subjects made him a controversial figure. He has written his first novel ' Grimus '. His second novel, ' Midnight's Children ', a fable about modern India, was an unexpected critical and popular success that won him international recognition. For this novel, he won the prestigious Booker Prize Award. His next novel, " Shame " based on contemporary politics in Pakistan, was also popular, but Rushdie's fourth novel, ' The Satanic Verses ' encountered a different reception. This novel becomes the subject of a major controversy provoking protest from the Muslims in several countries. He was even threatened to kill by issuing a fatwa against him. Despite, the standing death threat, Rushdie co...

 Namita Gokhale is an Indian writer, publisher, and festival director. She is the author of sixteen books including nine works of fiction. She is a voice to reckon with in the post-Rushdie era of Indian writing in English.  She is the author of a well-known work like "Paro: Dreams of Passion" in which she talks of love, lust, and death in an equal manner. This novel is a satire upon the Mumbai and Delhi elite caused an uproar due to its candid sexual humor. Her personal experiences have shaped her works. Her eventful life has provided her with a vast canvas of her work. Gokhale's other books such as "A Himalayan Love Story", "Gods, Graves, and Grandmother", "The Books of Shadows" and "Priya: In Incredible Indyaa" also have strong female characters that deal with love, lust, death, and often the supernatural. Gokhale is a journalist in Delhi whose work focuses on women's issues and literary criticism.  Her latest novel ' Thin...

 Many animals and even plants species communicate with each other. Humans are not unique in this capability. However human symbolic communication that is learned instead of biologically inherited. Symbols are sounds or things which have meaning given to them by the users. A specialized language dependent upon the use of symbols for communication and created for the purpose of achieving greater exactitude, as in symbolic logic or mathematics. Examples from the Web for symbolic language. The text is written, as will be observed, in symbolic language.  Language is symbolic in may ways. First, language is a symbol of something else. I can write the word heart, for example, but the word itself is not a heart. I can ay the word peanut butter, but the word is certainly not edible. Language itself is a symbolic of the words we speak and write. Second, language is a symbol of a culture. The words both acceptable and unacceptable which comprise a language reflect the culture of those wh...

 Manju Kapur is a famous Indian English novelist. Her writings reflect man-woman relationship, human desire, longing, body, gender discrimination, marginalization, rebellion and protest. The female protagonists in Manju Kapur's novels are caught in a continuous dichotomy between the personal needs and the institutional and social obligations and responsibilities. They challenge the male domination and patriarchal mechanisms of surveillance and control over women's body. Till date she has written five novels- Difficult Daughters, The Immigrant, A Married Woman, Home and The Custody. Her first novel ' Difficult Daughters ' won the Commonwealth Writer's Prize and was a number one best seller in India. Manju Kapur's work center around the middle class and her readers are often stunned by her sharply-etched characters and emotional settings. Her themes almost always are women-centric and revolve around the issues of home and family. Her first novel " Difficult D...

 Shashi Deshpande has been a very serious Indian English woman novelist who has depicted different aspects of woman's life especially the middle class woman's life- in her short stories as well as novels. Shashi Deshpande has a subjugate but significant presence in the Indian literary imagination with eight novels, two crime novels, and four books for children, six collections of short stories and numerous articles. Her famous novels are The Dark Holds No Terrors, If I Die Today, Roots and Shadow, That Long Shadow, Come Up and Be Dead, The Binding Vine, A Matter of Time, Small Remedies. She is the recipient of Thirumathi Rangammal prize for her novel ' Roots and Shadows ', Sahitya Academy award for the novel ' That Long Silence ' and Nanjangud Thirumalamba award for the novel ' The Dark Holds No Terrors '. In her novel she deals with the emotional deprivation in its different facets. She emphasizes the traditional Indian society heir against woman and ho...

 Gita Mehta is a journalist, film-maker as well as contemporary writer of Indian Writing in English. Her novels mainly focus on Indian Culture and heritage. Her works take up matters and issues that reflect the religious, economic, socio-political conditions of India. Gita Mehta's books are smart investigation the ideas, people, history and personalities that have determined what has shaped modern India. Her famous novels are "Raj", "A River Sutra", "Discontent". These three novels are powerful critiques on modern life exposing the shallowness of the  spiritual, political and secular modes of living. Her themes is mainly focused on religious, economic and political conditions of India.  Her first novel " A River Sutra " is centered on Narmada, a holy river and deals with Indian ethology, philosophy and artistic tradition. This novel connects six stories such as The Monk's Story, The Teacher's Story, The Executive's Story, The Cour...

 Homi Bhabha is a literary and cultural critic, influential theorists of postcolonial culture, and engaged advocate for the humanities. While easily understood as a postcolonial theorist, the range of his interests means it is perhaps better to characterize his works in terms of vernacular or transactional cosmopolitanism. Developing the work of psychoanalytic and post-structuralist thinkers, Bhabha has been a profoundly voice in the study of colonial, post-colonial, and globalized cultures. The influential ideas and terms explored in his essays- such as hybridity, ambivalence, and mimicry were formative for postcolonial theory, but they have also inspired work in management studies, art theory, human rights, architectures, development studies, theology and many other unexpected fields. His works remains an essential reference for anyone interested in the hybrid cultural perspective associated with colonialism and globalization. His interest in post-structuralist thinkers such as ...